氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)(gao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)量分析(xi)(xi)儀(yi)(yi)，它又被稱(cheng)(cheng)為氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)(gao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)分析(xi)(xi)儀(yi)(yi)，氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)(gao)分析(xi)(xi)儀(yi)(yi)/氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)(gao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)量計/氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)(gao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)量表。主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)測量燃(ran)燒過(guo)程中煙(yan)氣的含(han)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)濃度(du)，同樣也(ye)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)非燃(ran)燒氣體(ti)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)濃度(du)測量。在(zai)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)內溫(wen)度(du)恒定的電化(hua)學電池(chi)(氧(yang)(yang)(yang)濃差電池(chi)，也(ye)簡稱(cheng)(cheng)鋯(gao)(gao)頭(tou))產生一(yi)個毫(hao)伏電勢(shi)，這個電勢(shi)直(zhi)接反應出煙(yan)氣中含(han)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)濃度(du)值。氧(yang)(yang)(yang)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的關鍵部件(jian)是(shi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)(gao)，在(zai)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)(gao)元件(jian)的內外兩側涂上(shang)多孔性(xing)鉑(bo)電極制(zhi)成氧(yang)(yang)(yang)濃度(du)差電池(chi)。它位于(yu)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的頂端。為了(le)使電池(chi)保持額定的工作溫(wen)度(du)，在(zai)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中設置了(le)加熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)分析(xi)(xi)儀(yi)(yi)內的溫(wen)度(du)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)(gao)溫(wen)度(du)恒定。氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)(gao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)量分析(xi)(xi)儀(yi)(yi)的構(gou)成是(shi)由(you)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(又稱(cheng)(cheng)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)探(tan)頭(tou)、氧(yang)(yang)(yang)檢(jian)測器(qi)(qi)(qi))、氧(yang)(yang)(yang)分析(xi)(xi)儀(yi)(yi)(又稱(cheng)(cheng)變(bian)送器(qi)(qi)(qi)、變(bian)送單元、轉換器(qi)(qi)(qi)、分析(xi)(xi)儀(yi)(yi))以及(ji)它們之間的連接電纜(lan)等組成。

    氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋯探頭是(shi)(shi)利用氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋯濃(nong)差電勢來測(ce)定(ding)氧(yang)(yang)含(han)量的傳(chuan)感器，其核心的氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋯管(guan)安置在(zai)一微(wei)型電爐內，位(wei)于整個(ge)探頭的頂端。氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋯管(guan)是(shi)(shi)由(you)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋯材(cai)料摻(chan)以一定(ding)量的氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)釔或氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鈣經高(gao)溫燒(shao)結后形成的穩(wen)定(ding)的氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋯陶瓷燒(shao)結體。由(you)于它(ta)的立方(fang)晶格中(zhong)含(han)有氧(yang)(yang)離(li)子空穴，因此在(zai)高(gao)溫下它(ta)是(shi)(shi)良好的氧(yang)(yang)離(li)子導體。因其這一特性(xing)，在(zai)一定(ding)高(gao)溫下，當鋯管(guan)兩邊的氧(yang)(yang)含(han)量不同時(shi)，它(ta)便是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)典型的氧(yang)(yang)濃(nong)差電池，在(zai)此電池中(zhong)，空氣是(shi)(shi)參比(bi)氣，它(ta)與煙(yan)氣分別(bie)位(wei)于內外電極。

   在實際的氧(yang)(yang)(yang)探頭中(zhong)，空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流經外電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)，煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流經內(nei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)，當煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)P小于(yu)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)P0(20.6%O2)時，空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的氧(yang)(yang)(yang)分子(zi)(zi)從(cong)(cong)外電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上奪取(qu)4個電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)形成2個氧(yang)(yang)(yang)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)，發生(sheng)(sheng)如下電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)反(fan)應(ying)：   O(P0)+4e-→2O-氧(yang)(yang)(yang)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)在氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化鋯管中(zhong)迅速遷(qian)(qian)移到煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)邊，在內(nei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上發生(sheng)(sheng)相(xiang)反(fan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)反(fan)應(ying)：   2O-2 →O(P0)+4e-   由于(yu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)濃差導致氧(yang)(yang)(yang)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)從(cong)(cong)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)邊遷(qian)(qian)移到煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)邊，因(yin)而產生(sheng)(sheng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)又導致氧(yang)(yang)(yang)   離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)從(cong)(cong)煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)邊反(fan)向遷(qian)(qian)移到空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)邊，當這兩種遷(qian)(qian)移達(da)到平衡后，便在兩電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)間產生(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)個與(yu)(yu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)濃差有關(guan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)信號(hao)E,該電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)信號(hao)符合"能斯特"方程：   E=(RT/4F)Ln(P0 /P) (1)   式中(zhong)R、F分別(bie)是氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體常(chang)數和(he)法拉(la)第常(chang)數，T是鋯管絕對(dui)(dui)溫度(du)(K), P0是空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(20.6%O2), P 是煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)。由(1)式可見，在一(yi)定的高(gao)溫條件(jian)下(一(yi)般)600℃)，一(yi)定的煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)便會(hui)有一(yi)對(dui)(dui)應(ying)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)輸出，在理想狀態下，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)值在高(gao)溫區域內(nei)對(dui)(dui)應(ying)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)。在理想狀態下，當被測煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與(yu)(yu)參比氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濃度(du)一(yi)樣時，其輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)E值為 0 mV, 但在實際應(ying)用中(zhong)，鋯管實際條件(jian)和(he)現場情況均不是理想狀態。

   故事實(shi)上(shang)的鋯(gao)(gao)管(guan)是偏離此(ci)(ci)(ci)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的。實(shi)際上(shang)，一定氧含量鋯(gao)(gao)管(guan)輸出的電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)為(wei)理論值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和本(ben)底電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)的和，我們稱(cheng)為(wei)無濃差(cha)條件下(xia)鋯(gao)(gao)管(guan)輸出的電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)本(ben)底電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)或(huo)稱(cheng)為(wei)零(ling)位電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的大小(xiao)又在不(bu)同溫度下(xia)呈不(bu)同的值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并且(qie)隨鋯(gao)(gao)管(guan)使(shi)用(yong)期(qi)延(yan)長而(er)變化。因此(ci)(ci)(ci)，如(ru)不(bu)對此(ci)(ci)(ci)情況處理，會(hui)嚴重(zhong)影響整(zheng)套測(ce)氧儀的準確和探(tan)頭(tou)壽命。鑒于此(ci)(ci)(ci)，HVZR系列氧分析儀采取(qu)了"雙參數校正法"，對探(tan)頭(tou)本(ben)底電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)作特殊(shu)處理，彌補了鋯(gao)(gao)管(guan)的離散性缺陷，延(yan)長了探(tan)頭(tou)的使(shi)用(yong)壽命。